Heating system



J. S. LOCKE HEATING SYSTEM Filed May 23, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jams8.1100166 Oct. 5, 1937. J. '5. LOCKE 2,094,992

HEATING SYSTEM' v I Filed May 23 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E James SJQlbck 7MWM I mm;

Patented Oct. 5, 1937 HEATING SYSTEM James S. Locke, Minneapolis, Minn.,assignor to Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, Minneapolis, Minn,a. corporation of Delaware Application May as, 1935, Serial No. 23,005

17 Claims. This invention relates to heating systems of the typedisclosed in the application of Daniel G. Taylor, Serial No. 512,885,filed February 2, 1931.

The system disclosed in the above referred to Taylor applicationcomprises an outdoor con- .troller responsive to outdoor atmosphericconditions including temperature, wind, and sun for controlling thetemperature within the building. Heating means are provided in thebuilding for supplying heat to the building and heating -means are alsoprovided in the outdoor controller for supplying heat to the outdoorcontroller. The two heating means are proportioned accord- 15 ing to theheat losses from the building and from the outdoor controller. Athermostatic device is provided for responding to the temperature withinthe outdoor controller and when this thermostatic device calls for heatboth of the heating means are energized to deliver heat to the buildingand to the outside controller. Due to the proportional relationship ofthe heating means with the heat losses of the building and the outsidecontroller, a definite temperature reof the building may be maintainedat normal by the outdoor controller.

More specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide amorning pick-up control of the heating system whereby the buildingtemperature is brought up to normal in accordance with out-, dooratmospheric conditions and to provide a normal day control of theheating system whereby the building temperature is maintained at normalin accordance with outdoor atmospheric conditions.

It is another object of this invention to pro vide a heating system oftheclass described with lation is maintained within the building and theoutside controller sothat by responding to the temperature of theoutside controller, the thermostatic device maintains a constant ornormal temperature within the building.

Such a system gives especially good results when the system ismaintained in operation for twenty-four hours a day. However, it isoften desirable, to shut down the heating system during the night tolower the temperature within the building to conserve on fuel costs.;But due to the fundamental theory of operation,the system of the Taylorapplication cannot supply suflicient heat to the building in the morningafter a night shut down to rapidly raise the temperature to normal andthereafter maintain the temperature in the building at normal. This iscaused by the fact that only suflicient heat is supplied to the buildingto maintain the temperature thereof constant according to variations inoutside atmospheric conditions. In order to successfully operate thesystem of the type disclosed in the above referred to Taylor applicationwhere it is desired to have a night shut down, it is necessary that somemeans be provided for raising the temperature in the building to normalafter a night shut down.

Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide a morningpick-up control of the heating system whereby the building temperatureis 55 brought up to normal so that the temperature a means whereby thetemperature of the building may be restored to'normal at a definite timeeach day regardless of the outdoor temperature conditions. 7

More specifically, it isan object of this invention to provide a meansfor placing a heating system in operation at a time in the morning whichis dependent upon outdoor temperature conditions so that on coldmornings the heating system will be placed in operation before it wouldbe on mild mornings.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a combined time andtemperature responsive controller for placing a heating system in opera-.tion comprising a variable resistance that'is varied by a timing motorat predetermined intervals, a variable resistance'thatis varied inaccordance with outdoor temperature conditions and a coil operativelyconnected to both resist-- ances whereby the building heating system isplaced in operation at a time dependent on outdoor temperatureconditions and also placed out. of operation at a time dependent onoutdoor temperature conditions.

It is an 'object of. one form of myinvention to M provide a heatingsystem having an outdoor con trailer for controlling the same with ameans for supplying heating fluid to the building in the -morningindependent of the outdoor controller and the time that the heatingfluid is so supplied being determined by the outdoor temperatureconditions.

It is an object of another form of my invention to provide aheating-system having an outdoor controller for controlling the samewith a means for placing the outdoor controller in control of theheating system at a time dependent upon outdoor temperature conditionswhereby the temperature of the building will be restored to normal at agiven time each morning regardless of outdoor temperature conditions.

Other objects and advantages will become ap- .gized boiler (not shown).

up period and the time of the beginning of the morning pick-up period iscontrolled by one outdoor controller and wherein the normal dayoperation is controlled by another outdoor controller.

My invention is shown in Fig. 1 to be applied to a building having aside wall l8 and a plurality of rooms or spaces to be heated, one ofwhich is shown at H. In, each room or space to be heated II is aradiator 2 which receives its supply of heating fluid, such as steamfrom a riser l3. The

riser 3 is connected to'a pipe I 4 which receives its supply of heatingfluid from a supply pipe |5 emanating from some source of heating fluidsuch as a central heating plant or a constantly ener- V v A valve l6controls the supply of heating fluid from the supply pipe |5 into thepipe l4 insuch a manner that when the valve 6 is opened heating fluid issupplied to the radiators and when the valve I6 is closed the supply ofheating fluid to the radiators is prevented.

The valve I6 is operated by means of a valve stem I! which is .connectedto a pitman I8 journalled on a crank pin IS. The crank pin I9 is.carried by a gear 28 and a crank disc 2|. Thegear 20 is driven through areduction gear train 22 by a motor rotor 23 upon energization of a field24. The cank disc 2| .drives cams 25 and 26 which in turn operatecontact arms 2'1 and 28, respectively. Whenthe high dwells of the cam 25engage the contact arm 21, the contact arm 21 is moved into engagementwith a contact 29. Likewise, when the high dwell of the cam 26 engagesthe contact arm 28, the contact arm 28 is moved into engagement with acontact 38 and when the low dwell of the cam 26 is engaged by thecontact'arm 28, the contact arm 28 engages a contact 3|.

This invention contemplates the use of a time switch havinga cam 33operating a contact arm 34. When the high dwell of cam 33 engages thecontact arm 34, the contact arm 34 is moved into engagement'with acontact 35 and when the low dwell of cam 33 is engag'edby the contactarm 34, the contact arm 34 engages a contact 36. The cam 33 is driven atsuch a speed as to make one revolution in' twenty-four hours through areduction gear train 31 by a motor rotor 38 upon energization of a motorfield 39. For purposes of illustration one half of the cam 33 is'shaded-to designate the night portion of the cam and the other half isleft unshaded to designate the'day portion thereof. With the cam in thposition shown in the drawings, it is seen tha the time representedthereby is midnight. It is also seen that the contact arm 34 is movedinto engagement with the contact 36 at substantially 6:00 o'clock in theevening and that the contact 'arm 34 is moved into engagement with thecontact 35 at substantially 6:00 o'clock in the morning. The

cam 3315 made adjustable so that any desired the drawings having a rotor48 which is rotated upon energization of a field 4|. The rotor 48 drivesa gear 43 through a reduction gear train 42. A crank pin 45 extendsbetween the gear 43 and a crank disc 44. The crank pin 45 is connectedby means of a pitman 46 or any other suitable structure with a slider41. pivotally mounted at 49 and adapted to swing across a potentiometercoil,48. Upon one half of a revolution of the gear 43, the slider 41 isswept completely across the potentiometer .coil 48. The crank disc 44operates cams 58 and 5| which in turn operate contact arms 52 and 53respectively. The high dwells of cam 58 move the contact arm 52 intoengagement with a contact 54. The high dwell of the cam 5| moves thecontact arm 53 into engagement with a contact 55 and the low dwell ofcam 5| permits the contact arm 53 to engage the contact 56. The timingmotor is so arranged that it takes substantially two and one half hoursto move the slider 41 completely across the potentiometer coil 48.

Line wires leading from some source of power (not shown) are designatedat 51 and 58. The

field 39 of the time switch motor is connected across these line wires.A primary 59 of a stepdown transformer 68 having a secondary 6| islikewise connected across the line wires 51 and 58. A wire 62 connectsone end of the secondary 6| with'one end of the timing motor field 4|.The other end of the field 4| is connected by means of wires 63 and 64to the contact arm 52. The contact arm 53 is connected by a wire 65 tothe junction of wires 63 and 64. The contacts 55 and 56 are connected bywires 66 and 61, respectively, to the contacts 36 and 35 of the timeswitch. The contact arm 34 of the time switch is connected by means ofwires 68 and. 69 to the other The contact 54 of the timend of secondary6|. I

wire 18 to ing motor is connected by means of a the junction of wires 68and 69.

With the parts in the position shown in the drawings, corresponding tomidnight, the slider 41 is located at the bottom of the potentiometercoil 48. At 6:00 a. m. or thereabouts, in the morning,

the contact arm 34 is moved into engagement with the contact 35 tocomplete a circuit from the secondary 6| through wires 69 and 68,contact arm 34, contact 35, wire 6'l, contact 56, contact arm 53, wires65 and 63, field 4|, and wire 62 back to the'secondary 6| to energizethe field 4| to start upward movement of the slider 41 withv and 63,field 4| and wire 62 back to the secondary 6|. This maintaining circuitremains completed until the slider 41 reaches the upper extremity of thepotentiometer coil 48 some two and one half hours hence. When the slider41 reaches this position, the contact arm 52 is moved out of engagementwith the contact 54 to break the main- .taining circuit and the contactarm 53 is moved into engagement with the contact 55 to position thetiming motor for downward operation of the slider 41 with respect to thepotentiometer coil 48. At 6:00 o'clock in the evening, the contact arm34 is moved into engagement with the contact 36 to complete a circuitfrom the secondary 6| through wires 69 and 68, contact arm 34, contact36,'wire 66, contact 55, contact arm 53, wires 65 and 63, field 4| andwire 62 back to the secondof the slider 48 from its upper extremeposition to its lower extreme position. Complete movecontact ,912" At6:00 in the morning, the time s 4places the timing motor 48 in operaand.when the slider 41 reaches the mid- 3 ment of the slider 41 to its lowerposition is atng/ point of the potentiometer coil 48, the relaycomplished by the above referred to maintai circuit. The slider 48 willreach its lowesw sition with respect to the potentiometer coil 48 sometwo and one-half hours after O 0 oclock in the evening. From this it is,een'that I have provided a means for moving a slider in one directionacross a potentiometer coil at a given time in the morning, for movingthe slider in the opposite direction across the potentiometer coil at agiven time in the evening and that the time of travel of the slider ineither direction is substantially two and one-half hours.

A primary 12 of a step-down transformer 13 having a secondary 14 isconnected across the line wires 51 and 58. One end of the secondary 14is connected by means of wires 15 and 16 to. one end of a doublerelaycoil 11, 18. The other end of the double relay coil 11-, 18 isconnected by means of wires 19, 88, and 8| to the other end of thesecondary 14. The junction of wires 15 and 16 is connected by means of aprotective resistance 82 and wires 83 and 84 to the lower extremity ofthe potentiometer coil 48. The junction of wires 19 and '88 is connectedby means of a wire 85, a protective resistance 86, and wires 81 and 88to the upper extremity of the potentiometer coil 48. The middle of thedouble relay coil 11, 18 is connected by means of a wire 98, a variableresistance 9| and a wire 92 to the pivot 49 of the slider 41. The doublerelay coil 11, 18 operates an armature 94 which is operatively connectedto a switch arm 95. When the coil 18 is energized more than the coil 11,the armature 94 is moved to the right to move the switch arm 95 intoengagement with a contact 91. Likewise, when the coil 11 is energizedmore than the coil 18, the armature 94 is moved to the left to move theswitch arm 95 into engagement with the contact 96. From the above it. isseen that the bottom portion of the potentiometer coil 48 is connectedin series with the coil 18 and the top portion of the potentiometer'coil 48 isconnected in series with the coil 11.

Located outside of the building to respond to. outdoor temperatureconditions is an outside controller 98 having mounted therein athermostat 99. The thermostat 99 carries a slider I88 whichis adapted tomove across a potentiometer I8I. One end of the potentiometer coil IN isconnected by a wire I83 to the junction of wires 88 and 84 and the otherend of the potentiometer coil IN is connected by means of a wire I84 tothe junction of wires 81 and 88. The thermostat 99 is connected by meansof a wire I85, a variable resistance I82, and a wire I86 to the junctionof the wire'98 and the variableresistance 9I. There fore, the left handand the right hand portions of the potentiometer coil I8I are connectedin parallel with the lower and upper portions of the with the slider 41in its lowest position corresponding to the night position, the coil 18of the double relay coil 11, 18 is energized more than the coil 11 dueto the series relationship of the potentiometer coil 48 and the coils 11and 18 to attract the armature 94 to the right to move the switch arm 95into engagement with the coils 11, 18 are equally energized to move thearposition of the potentiometercoil 48 at which time the coils 11 and'18 will be equally energized to move the armature 94 to itsmid-position and the switch arm 95 out of .engagement with the contact96. Upon further downward movement of the slider 41 beyond the mid-pointof the potentiometer coil 48, the coil 18 is energized more than thecoil 11 to move the contact arm 95 into engagement with the contact 91.The switch arm 95 will remain in engagement with the contact 91 throughthe night until the time switch comes into operation in the morning toagain move the switch arm 95 into engagement with the contact 96 in themanner pointed out above.

The above operation of the switch arm 95 with respect to the contacts 96and 91 was based on the assumption that the slider I88 of the outdoorcontroller 98 was located in a midposition with respect to thepotentiometer coil I8| due to the existence of an average outdoortemperature. Upon a decrease in outdoor temperature, the slider I88moves to the right with respect to the potentiometer coil IM to place'more resistance in the left hand portion of the potentiometer coil IMand less resistance in the right .hand portion. Since the potentiometerupon upward movement of the slider 41 in the morning equal energizationof the coils 11 and 18 will occur before they would be equally energizedif the slider I88 were at the mid-point of the potentiometer coil I8I.Therefore, the switch arm 95 will be moved out of engagement with thecontact 91 and into engagement with the contact 96 earlier in the.morningfor a lower outdoor temperature than for an average outdoortemperature. If the outdoor temperature should become extremely low soas to move the slider I88 completely to the right across thepotentiometer coil I8I, suilicientresistance would be added 'to thelower portion of the potentiometer coil 48 and sufficient resistancetaken away from the upper portion thereof to immediately equalize theenergizations of relay coils 11 and 18 upon a veryslight upwardmovement. of the slider 41 with respect to the potentiometer coil 48.Likewise, in the evening, when the timing motor causes downward movementof slider 41 with respect to the potentiometer coil 48, the balancingaction of the relay coils 11, 18 to move the switch um 95 out ofengagement with the contact 91 will be delayed by a decrease in outdoortemperature since a decrease in outdoor temperature lowers the effectivecontrol point of the potentiometer coil 48.

Upon an increase in outside temperature above the average, thethermostat 99 moves the slider I to the left with respect to thepotentiometer coil IM to add resistance in efiect to the upper portionof the potentiometer coil 48 and to take away resistance from the lowerportion thereof. By adding resistance to the upper portion of thepotentiometer coil 48 and taking resistance away from the lower portion,a greater upward movement of the slider 41 is required in the morning tobalance the relay coils 11 and I8 to move the switch arm 95 out ofengagement with the contact 91 and into engagement with the contact 96.Likewise, in the evening, an increase in outdoor'temperature will causeearlier movement of switch arm 95 out of engagement with the contact 96and into engagement with the contact 91 than would be the case when theoutside temperature is normal. If the outdoor temperature should becomesuificiently high-so as to move the slider I00 to the extreme left handextremity of the potentiometer coil IOI, suflicient resistance would bethrown into the upper portion of the potentiometer coil 48 andsufiicient resistance would be taken away from the lower portion thereofto require a substan-' tially complete upward movement of the slider 41with respect to the potentiometer coil 48 to equally energize the relaycoils II and I8 and to move the switch arm 95 out of engagement with thecontact 91 and into engagement with the contact 96.- Likewise, upondownward move- ,ment of the slider 41 in the evening under the sameconditions only a slight amount of movement thereof would be necessaryto move the switch arm 95 out of engagement with the contact 96 and intoengagement with the contact 91..

From the above it is seen that I have provided a timing mechanism thatis compensated by outdoor-atmospheric temperatures whichrequiressubstantially one hour and a quarter of operation to move aswitch arm out of engagement with one contactand into engagement withanother contact for average outdoor temperatures, that upon'a decreasein outdoor temperatures the time interval required to so move the switcharm is proportionately decreased and that upon an increase in outdoortemperature, the time interval is proportionately increased. The samerelation holds true for night operation but in the reverse orderrequiring a greater time interval to move the switch arm in an oppositedirection for a relatively low outdoor temperature condition and alesser time for relatively high outdoor temperature conditions.

The variable resistances I02 and BI are provided to adjust thesensitivity of the potentiometer coils.48 and IOI so that the timeinterval required to move the switch arm 95 from one contact to anotherfor a given outdoor temperature may be varied. The protectiveresistances 82 and 86 are provided to prevent burning up of the relaycoils II and I8 should the slider I00 be moved to either extremeposition with respect to the potentiometer coil IIII.

An energizing coil is designated at I01 and a bucking coil is designatedat I 08; One end of the energizing coil IlI is connected by means of awire I99 tothe junction of wire I and the coil I08 is connected by awire H2 to the contact 91. The contact 96 is connected by a wire H3 tothe junction of wires 80 and 8|. A wire II4 connects the junction of theenergizing coil I 01 and the wire II I toa contact II 5. A switch armII6 cooperating with the contact H5 is connected by a wire III to thejunction of wires 80,.8I and II 3. A switch arm H8 cooperates withcontacts I 20 and I 22 and a switch arm I I9 cooperates with contactsI2I and I23.

When the switch arm 95 is moved into engagement with the contact 96 inthe manner above described, a circuit is completed from the secondary I4through wires 8I and I I3, contact 96, switch arm 95, wire I H,energizing coll I01 and wires I09, I6 and I5 back to the secondary I4 tocausethe relay coil I 01 to move the switch arms I I6, I I8 and I I9into engagement with contacts H5, I20 and I2I respectively. When theswitch arm II 6 is moved into engagement with the contact H5 a holdingcircuit is completed" from the secondary I4 through wires 8I and II I,

gizing coil I 01 and wires I09, I6 and I5 back to the secondary I4 tomaintain the switch arms I I6, I I8 and H9 in engagement with thecontacts I I5, I20 and I2I. The switch arms will be maintained in thisposition until the switch arm 95 is moved out of engagement with thecontact 96 and into engagement with the contact 91 in the manner abovedescribed. When the switch arm 95 is so moved into engagement with thecontact 91, a circuit is completed from the secondary I4 through wires8I and II I, switch arm H6, contact H5, wires II 4 and III, switch arm95, contact 91, wire H2, bucking coil I08 and wires H0, I09, I6 and I5back to the secondary I4. Completion of this circuit energizes thebucking coil I08 which neutralizes the action of the holding coil I 01to allow the switch arms II 6, H8 and H9 to be moved out of engagementwith the contacts H5, I20 and I2I, respectively, and to allow the switcharms I I8 and H9 to move into engagement with the contacts I22 and I23.This right hand movement of switch arms H6, H8 and I I9 is accomplishedby means of springs o gravity or other means (not shown).

Located outside of the building is an outdoor controller I24 whichresponds to outdoor atmospheric conditions including temperature, windand solar radiation. This outside controller I 24 comprises a block I25enclosed within a weather-'- tight' casing I26. Located within the blockI25 by means of a post I 28 is a bimetallic element I2I which respondsto the temperature of the block I25. The bimetallic element I2'I carriescontacts I29 and I30 which are adapted to sequentially relay coil m, theswitch arms I39, m and m are moved out of engagement with the contactsI42, I43 and I44, respectively, and the switch arms I40 and MI are movedinto engagement with contacts I45 and I46, respectively; by means ofsprings, gravity or other means (not shown).

One endof the secondary I31'is connected by means of a wire I41 to sthe'adjustable contact nected by means of a wire I48 and a wire I49 to oneend of the relay coil I38. The other end of the relay coil I38 isconnected by a wire I50 to the other end of the secondary I31.

switch arm I39 is connected by a wire I5I to the junction of wires I48and I49. The contact I42 is connected by means of a wire I52 to thebimetallic element I21.

When the temperature of the block I25 of the outdoor controller I24decreases below a predetermined value, the contact I29 engages contact JI3I. Upon a further decrease in the block temperature, the contact I30engages the contact I32 to complete a circuit from'the secondary I31,through wire I41, contacts I3I, I29, I30 and I32, wires I48 and I49,relay coil I38 and wire I50 back to the secondary I31 to energize therelay coil I38 to move the switch arms I39, I40 and MI into engagementwith contacts I42, I43 and I44.

When the switch arm I39 is so moved into engagement with th contact I42a maintaining circuit is completed mm the secondary I31 throughwire I41,contacts L3I and I29, bimetallic element I21, wire I52, contact I42,switch arm I39, -wires I5I and I49, relay coil I38 and wire I50 back tothe secondary I31 to maintain the relay coil I38 energized. The relaycoil I38 will remain energized by this maintaining circuit until thetemperature of block I25 has risen to a sufficiently high value to breakcontact between the contacts I29 and I3I at which time the relay coilI38 will be deenergized to move the switch arm I39 out oi engagementwith the contact I42 and to move the switch arms I40 and MI intoengageinent with the contacts I45 and I46.

45 The contact I20is connected by a wire I53 to the switch arm I40. Thecontact I43 is connected by a wire I54 to the contact 30. The contactI45 is connected by wires I55 and.I56 to the contact 3I. The. contactI22 is connected by a 0 wire I51 to the junction of wires'I55 and I56.The switch arm 8 is connected by wires I58 and I59 to one end of asecondary 206 of a stepdown transformer 201 having a primary 208connected across the line wires 51 and 58. The other 55 end ofthe'secondary 206 is connected by a wire I60 to one end of field 24. Theother end of field 24 is connected by wires I6I and I62 to the contactarm 28. The contact arm 21 is connected by a wire I63 to the junction ofwires I6I and 60 I62. The contact 29 is connected by awire I64 to thejunction of wires I58 and I59.

With the parts in the position shown in the drawings, the valve I6 isopened supplying heat to the building, the outdoor controller I24 issat- 65 Esfied and not calling for heat whereby the switch arm I40 is inengagement with contact I45, and the timing mechanism above described ispositioned for night operation whereby the switch arm H8 is inengagement with the contact I22.

Under these circumstances, a circuit is completed from the secondary206, through wires I59 and I58, switch arm II8, contact I22, wires I51and I56, contact 3|, contact arm 28, wires I62 and lil, field 24 andwire I60 back to the secondary 7 206 to energize the field 24 to startthe valve I6 The other adjustable contact I32 is con- The toward itsclosed-position. After the valve I6 has started this movement toward theclosed position, the contact arm 21 is moved into engagement with thecontact 29 to complete a maintaining circuit from the secondary 206,through wires I59 and I64, contact 29, contact arm 21, wires I63 andI6I, field 24 and wire I60 back to the secondary 206 to complete theclosing movement of the valve I6. When the valve I6 has been completelyclosed, the contact arm 21 is moved out o engagement with thecontact 29and the contact arm 28 has been moved into engagement with thech tact 30to position the valve motor for openingoperation. In this manner, thesupply of heating fiuid to the building is shut off at night by thetiming mechanism. In a manner to be pointed out hereafter} the heaterI33 of the outdoor controller I24 is likewise shut ofi at night wherebyboth the building and the outdoor controller I24 are allowed to cooldown, at night in order to conserve on heating costs.

When the outdoor controller I24 has cooled down during the night, thecontacts I29 and I30 are moved into engagement with the contacts I3I andI32 to energizethe relay coil I38 to move the switch arms I40 and MIinto engagement with the contacts I43 and I44, respectively. The switcharms I40 and HI will remain in this position throughout the night.

' At some time in the morning depending upon theoutdoor temperature, theswitch arms I I8 and H9 are moved into engagement with the contacts I20and I2I by the timing mechanism inthe manner pointed out above. Movementof switch arm II8 into engagement with contact I20 completes a circuitfrom the secondary 206 through wires I59 and I58, switch arm II8,contact I20, wire I53, switch arm I40, contact I43,

wire I54, contact 30, contact arm 28, wires I62 and I6 I field 24 andwire I60 back to the secondary 206 to start the valve I6 towards itsopen position. After the valve I6 has started to open contact arm21engages the contact 29 to complete a maintaining circuit from thesecondary 206 through wires I59 and I64, contact 29, con

tact arm 21, wires I63 and IN, field 24 and wire I60 back to thesecondary 206 to energize the field 24 and complete the opening movementof the valve I6. When the valve I6 has been fully opened, the contactarm 21 moves out ofiengagement with the contact 29 and the contac arm 28moves into engagement with the contact 3| to position the valve motorfor future closing movement. Therefore, at a time in the morning asdetermined by the outdoor temperature, the.

valve I6 is opened to supply heat to the build-rt ing. When thetemperature of the block I25 has been raised to a given value by-theheater I33 in a manner to be pointed out hereafter, contact I29disengages the contact I3I to deenergize the relay I38 to move theswitch grail into engagement with the contact I45 0 complete a circuitfrom the secondary 206 through wires I59 and I58, switch arm II8,contact I20, wire I53, switch arm I40, contact I45, wires I55 and I56,contact 3I, contact arm 28, wires I62 and IN, field 24 and wire I60 backto the secondaryi-206 to energize the field 24 to move the valve I6. toits closed position to prevent the further supply of heat to thebuilding. Closing movement of the valve I6 is assured by the abovereferred to maintaining circuit.

"Wires I65 and I66 connect the switch arm II9 to the linewire 51. Thecontact I2I is connected by a wire I61 to the switch arm MI. The

contact I44 is connected by a wire I68 to one end of a primary I69 ot astep-down transformer I having a secondary "I. The other end of theprimary I69 is connected to the line wire 58. In the morning, the relaycoil I38 is energized by reason of the night shut down to maintain theswitch arm.I4I in engagement with the contact 'I44 and at a given timein the morning as determined by the outdoor temperature the switch arm II9 is moved into engagement-with the contact I2I in a manner pointed outabove, to complete a circuit from the line wire 51 through wires I65 andI66, switch arm II9,contact I2I,wire I61, switch arm I4I, contact I44,wire I68 and primary I69 back to the line wire 58 to energize thetransformer I10 to supply power to the secondary HI. I

As seen in the lower right hand portion of the drawings, an energizingcoil I12 and a bucking coil I13 are provided. The energizing coil I12and. the bucking coil I13 operate switch arms I14,

I15 and I16 with respect to contacts I11, I80, I18,

I19 and I8I. Upon energization of the energizing coil I12; the switcharms I14, I15 and I16 are moved into engagement with the contacts I 11,I18 and I19 respectively. Upon energization of the bucking coil I13which neutralizes the action of the energizing coil I12, the switch armsI14, I15 and I16 are moved out of engagement with the contacts I11, I18and l19 and the switch arms I14 and I16 are moved into engagement withthecontacts I80 and I8I by means of springs or gravity or other means,not shown. The line wire 58 is connected by a wire I82 and a wire I83 tothe contact I80. The switch arm I14 is-connectedby a wire I84 to one endof the energizing coil I12. The other end of the energizing coil I12 isconnected by a wire I85 to the contact I23. The junction of wires I82and I83 is con-' nected by a resistance I 86 and a wire I81 to thejunction of wire I84 with the energizing coil I12. The junction of theenergizing coil I12 with the wire I85 is connected by a wire I88 to thecon-v tact I18. The switch arm I15 is connected by a wire I89 to thejunction of wires I65 and I66.

At night when the switch arm H9 is moved into engagement with thecontact I23 in the manner above described, a circuit is completed fromthe line wire 58 through wires I82 and I83, contact I80, switch arm I14,wire I84, energizing coil I12, wire I85, contact I23, switch arm H9 andwires I66 and I65 back to the line wire 51 to energize the energizingcoil I12 to move the switch arms I14, I15 and I16 into engagement with'the contacts I11, I18 and I19, respectively. When the switch arm I15moves into engagement with the contact I18, a holding circuit iscompleted from the line wire 58, through wire I82, resistance I86, wireI81, energizing coil I12, wire I88,

contact I18, switch arm I 15, and wires I89 and I65 back to the linewire 51 to maintain the energizing coil I12 energized regardless of theposition of the switch arm II9 with respect to the/ contacts I2I andI23. The resistance I86 is pro vided in this maintaining circuit toprevent undue heating of the energizing coil I 12.

One end of the bucking coil I13 is connected by a wire I90 to thecontact I46 and the other end of the bucking coil I13 is connected by awire I9I to the c ntact I11. When the temperature 01fthe block I25 underthe action 01' the heater I33 has risen to a predetermined value tobreak contact between the contacts I29 and I3I to de- -energize therelay coil I 38, the switch arm I is moved into engagement with thecontact I 46 to complete a circuit from the line wire 58 through wireI82, resistance I86, wires I81 and I 84, switch arm I14, contact I11,wire I9I, bucking coil I13, wire I90, contact I46, switch arm I4I, wireI61, contact I 2|, switch arm I I9, and wires I66 and I65 back to theline wire 51 to energize the bucking coil I13. Energization of thebucking coil I13 neutralizes the action of the holding coil I12 to movethe switch arms I14, I15 and I 16 to the right.

The contact I19 is connected by a wire I92 to a slider I93 cooperatingwith a resistance I94; Likewise, the contact I8I is connected by a wireI95 to a slider I96 cooperating with a resistance I91. The resistancesI94 and I91 are connected together and to a wire 200 by means of wiresI88 and I99. Wire 200 connects to an ammeter I which in turn isconnected by a wire 202 to one end of the heater I33 located in theoutdoor controller I24. The other end of the heater I33 is connected bya wire 203 to one end of the secondary "I of the step-down transformerI10. The other end of the secondary I1I is connected by a wire 204 tothe switch arm I16.

The resistances I94 and I 91 are adjustable to determine the correctamount of energy supplied .ance I91 controls the supply of heat to theblock I25 during the'day time and the resistance I94 controls the supplyof heat to the block I25, during themorning pick-up period. When thesecondary "I of the step-down transformer I10 recives power in the aboveidentified manner, and when the switch arm I16 is in engagement with thecontact I 8|, heat. is supplied to the block I25 for day operation andwhen the switch arm I16 is moved into engagement with the contact I19heat is supplied to the block I25 for the morning pick-up period. Aspointed out above and in the above referred to application, the amountof heat delivered to the block I25 duringthe day is proportional to theamount of heat delivered to the building as the heat loss of the blockis to the heat loss of the building to maintain the temperature withinthe-building at a constant normal day value. The amount of. heat sodelivered to the block I25 during the day is adjusted and visuallyindicated bythe variable resistance I91 and the' ammeter 20I.

However, during night operation, the outdoor controller I24 is renderedinoperative and the temperatures of the building and of the outdoorcontroller are allowed to drop, the temperature of the controller willdrop farther than the temperature of the building during this nightshut-off period. In order to bring the temperature of the building. andof the outdoor controller back up to normal during the morning pick-upperiod, to place the system in condition for normal day operation, adefinite amount of heat must be supplied to the outdoor controller.Assume that the temperature of the'building drops to say, 60, and thatof the outdoor controller drops to say 20 at night, and that a normalaverage temperature of 70 is to be maintained in the building and in thecontroller during the day time, the amounts of heat delivered to thecontroller and to the building should be so proportional that when theheating system is turned on in the morning for the morning pick-upperiod, the temperature of the building and the temperature of theoutdoor controller should reach their normal day values at substantiallythe same time. vIn order to set up and maintain this proportion of heat,the variable resistance I94 is provided for the morning pick-up cycle.The proper amount of heat delivered to the outdoor controller I24 duringthis morning pick-up cycle may vary with conditions such as the amountof radiation in the building, the heat losses from the building and thecontroller, and the capacity of the building and the controller to holdheat. By trial on each particular installation, the correct setting ofthe variable resistance I94 may be obtained.

Summarizing the operation of the total system as shown in Fig. 1, it isassumed that the parts are in position for night operation. The buildingis thereforercold and the outdoor controller I24 is also cold. The relayco I38 is energized maintaining the switch arms I3 I40 and MI to theleft. maintaining the switch arms I14, I15 and I16 to the left. The timeswitch is at a position corresponding to midnight and the slider 41 ofthe timing motor is in its' extreme. downward position causing switcharm 95 to engage contact 91. The

switch arms H6, H8 and H9 are positioned to the right and the valve I6is closed. At substantially 6:00 inthe morning, the time switch placesthe timing motor in operation. At some time between 6:00 and 8:30, asdetermined by the outside controller 98 in accordance with outdooratmospheric conditions, the switch arm 95 is moved into engagement withthe contact 96 to move the switch arms H6, H8 and H9 to the left tocause opening of the valve I 6 to supply heat to the building. At thesame time the valve I6 is opened, the

transformer I10 is energized to supply heat to the outdoor controllerI24 under the control of the morning pick-up resistance I94. Heat willbe supplied to the building and the controller in this manner and atsubstantially 8:30 in the morning the temperature of the building andthe temperature of the block I25 will rise to their normal day values.

When the-block temperature I25 has risen to its normal value, contactbetween the contacts I29 and I3I is broken to deenergize the relay coilI38 and move the switch arms I39, I40 and HI to the right- This causesclosing movement of the valve which prevents the further supply of heatto the building and also causes deenergization of the transformer I10 toprevent the further supply of heat to the outdoor controller. At thesame time, the bucking coil I13 is energized to neutralize the action ofthe holding coil I12 to move the switch arms I14, I15 and I16 to theright to place the day resistance I91 in control of the supply of heatto the outdoor controller.

When the block I25 of the outdoor controller I24 has been cooled by theoutdoor atmospheric conditions, the relay coil I38 is energized to movethe switch arms I39, m and m to the left t6 open the valve IE to supplyheat to the building again and to energize the transformer I10 to supplyheat to the outdoor controller under the control of the day resistanceI91. When the temperatureof the outdoor controller is again brought.back up to normal, the relay coil I38 is deenergized to move the switcharms I39, I40 and I to the right to close the valve I6 to prevent thefurther supply of heatto the building and to deenergize the, transformerI10 to prevent the further supply 25f heat to the outdoor controllerI24. In this manner, heat-will be supplied to the building throughoutthe day under the command of- The energizing coil I12 is energized -movethe slider 41 downwardly with respect to the potentiometer coil 48. Atsome time between 6:00 and 8:30 in the evening, as determined by theoutdoor temperature, the switch arm 95 will be moved to the right intoengagement with the contact 91 to move the switch arms H6, H8 and I I9to the right. This causes'closing of the valve I6 and prevents thefurther supply of heat to the building for the remainder of the night.This also causes deenergization of the transformer I10 to prevent thesupply of heat to the outdoor controller I24 for the remainder of thenight whereby the building and the outdoor controller i24 are allowed tocool.

When the outdoor controller has cooled sufiiciently, the relay coil I38is energized to move the switch arms I39, I40 and MI to the left toenergize the energizing coil I12 to move the switch arms I14, I15 andI16 to the left to place the control of the supply of heat to theoutdoor controller I24 under the command of the morning pickup.resistance I94 so that at 6:00 the following morning, the above cycle ofoperation may be repeated.

Due tothe use of the novel timingmotor when operated in conjunction withthe outdoor controller 98, it is possible to place the heating system inoperation at a time in the morning which is determined according tooutdoor temperatures. As pointed out above, when the outdoor temperatureis relatively low, the heating system is placed in operation relativelyearly and when the outdoor temperature is relatively high, the heating,system is placed in operation relatively late so that the temperatureof the building and the outdoor controller are brought up to the normaldaywalue at substantially the same time every moshing regardless of theoutdoor temperature. Likewise, the heating system is placed out of'operation' at night time relatively early when the outdoor temperatureis relatively high and relatively late when the outdoor temperature isrelatively low.

Referring now to Fig. 2, another form of my invention is shown asapplied to a building hav- ;in,Fig. 1 and like reference characters havebeen used. This form of the invention also contemplates theuse of theoutdoor controller I24 for controlling the relay coil I38 which in turncontrols the operation of switch arms I39, I40 and I The operation ofswitch arms I39, I40 and I I'by the outdoor controller I24 ofthis modi-'fication is the same as that of the modification shown in Fig. 1 and.like reference characters have been used. The only distinction in thisconstruction in the two'modifications is that the contact I48 engageableby the switch arms I4I has been omitted in the modification shown byFig. 2.

' The outdoor controller 98 and the timing motor for operating theswitch arm 95 between the contacts. 95 and 91 as disclosed in Fig. l isused in the modification shown by Fig. 2 and like reference charactershave been used to designate the various elements; As in Fig. 1, theswitch coil I01 a da bucking coil I08 to operate switch arms I I6 and H8in exactly the same manner' as in' Fig. 1.

The time switch for placing the timing motor in operation is the same asin'Fig. l'with the exception that the timing switch carries a second cam2I0 whichis adapted to operate a contact arm 2 between contacts 2I2 and2I3. When the high dwell of the cam 2I0 engages the contact arm 2, thecontact arm 2 is moved into engagement with the contact 2|2. When thehigh dwell of the cam2|0 is moved out of engagement with the contact arm2| I, the contact arm 2 moves into en gement with the contact 2| 3.

-A primary 2I5 of a step-down transformer 2I6, having a secondary 2I1 isconnected across the line wires 51 and 58. One end of the secondary 2"is connected by a wire 2I8 to the contact I44. The switch arm I4I,cooperating with the contact I44, is connected by a wire 2I9 to a Ivariable resistance 220 which is in turn connected to an ammeter MI. Theammeter 22| is connected by a wire 202 to one end of the heater I33located in the outdoor controller I 24. The

other end of the heater I33 is connected by the wire 203 to the otherend of the secondary 2|1. When the relay I38 is energized upon theexistence of a predetermined low temperature in the outdoor controllerI24, the switch arm I is moved) into engagement with the contact I44 tocomplete a circuit from the secondary 2I1 of the step-down transformer2I6 through wire 2|8, contact I44, switch arm I, wire 2I9, variableresistance 220, ammeter 22I, wire 202, heater I33, and wire 203 back tothe secondary 2".

Completion of this circuit causes heating of the block I25 and theamount of heat supplied to the block I25 may be regulated by thevariable' resistance 220. Upon deenergization of the relay coil I38, theabove circuit is broken and the further supply of heat to the outdoor,controller I24 is prevented.

The contact arm 2 of the time switch is connected by a wire 223 to thecontact I20 asso-' ciated with the switch arm 8 which is operated by theenergizing coil I01 and the bucking coil I08. The contact 2| 2 of thetime switch is connected by means of wires .224 and 225 to the contact30 of the valve motor. The contact 2I3 of the time switch isconnected-by a wire 226 to the switch arm I40 which is controlled by therelay coil I38. The contact I43 associated with the switch arm I40 isconnected by a wire 221 to the junction of wires 224 and 225. The othercontact I45 associated with the switch arm I40 is connected by wires 228and 229 to the contact 3| of the valve motor. The contact I22 associatedwith the switch arm 8 is connected by a wire 230.to the junction ofwires 228 and 229.

For purposes of' illustration, the cam 33 is shown to move the switcharm 34 upwardly at substantially 5:30 a. m. and downwardly atsubstantially 6:00 p. m. The cam 2|0 is.shown to raise the contact arm 2upwardly at substantially 5:30 a. m. and downwardlyat substan-- ,tially8:00 a. m.

outdoor controller I24 drops below a predetermined value the relay coilI38 is energized to move the switch arms I39, I40 and MI to the left andwhen switcharm I 4| engages the contact I44, heat is .supplied to theoutdoor controller I24. When the temperature of the outdoor controllerI24 rises above a predetermined value by reason of this supply of heat,the relay coil |38 is deenergized to move the switch arms I39, I40 and I4| to the right thereby preventing the further supply of heat to theoutdoor controller I24. In this manner, the temperature of the outdoorcontroller I24 is mainas well as the day.

At substantially 5:30 9.. m. the time switch moves the contact arms- 34and 2 into engagement with the contacts 35 and 2|2, respectively.Movement of the contact 34 into engagement with the contact 35 causesoperation of the timing motor to move the slider 41 upwardly across thepotentiometer. coil 48. This movement of the slider 41 across thepotentiometer coil 48 causes movement of the switch arm into engagementwith the contact 96 at some time subsequent to 5:30 a. m. as determinedby the outdoor controller 98 in the manner pointed out above. If theoutdoor temperature is relatively cold, the switch arm 95 will be movedintoengagement with contact 91 relatively early and if the outdoortemperature is relatively high, the switch arm 95 will be moved intoengagement with the contact 96 relatively late. When the switch arm 95is thus moved into engagement with the contact 96 the energizing coil I01 is energized to move the switch arms H6 and H8 into engagement withthe contacts 5 and I20, respectively. Movement of the switch arm I I 6into engagement with the contact 5 completes a maintaining circuit inthe manner above described to maintain the energizing coil I01 energizedthroughout the day.

Since the contact arm 2| I is moved into engagement with the contact 2I2, movement of the switch arm II 8 into engagement with the contact I20completes a circuit from the secondary 206 of the step-down transformer201 through wires I59 and I58, switch arm II8, contact I20, wire 223,contact arm 2| I, contact 2| 2, wires 224 and 225, contact 30, contactarm 28, wires I62 and I6I, field 24 and wire I60 back to the secondary206 to cause opening movement of the valve- I6. In this manner, heatingfluid is supplied to the radiators I2 in the building at a timedetermined by the prevailing outdoor temperature.

At substantially 8:30 a. m., at which time the building temperature willbe restored to its normal day value, the contact arm 2| I is moved intoengagement with the contact 2I3 to complete a circuit from the secondary206 of the step-down transformer 201, through wires I59 and I58, switcharm II8, contact I20, wire 223, contact arm 2| I, contact 2I3 and wire226 to the switch arm I40 controlled by the relay coil I30. If the Ioutdoor controller I24 is calling for heat the relay coil I 38 isenergized to move the switch' arm I 40 into engagement with the contactI 43 which com pletes a circuit through the contact 30 of the valvemotor to open the valve I6 to supply heat 1 to the building. If theoutdoor controller m is satisfied, the relay coil 38 is deenergized and.

the switch arm I40 moves into engagement with the contact I45 tocomplete a circuit through the contact 3| of the valve motor to move thevalve I6 to a closed position. In this manner, the temperature withinthe building is maintained constant throughout the day according tooutdoor temperature conditions.

At substantially 6:00 p. m., the time switch moves the contact arm 34into engagement with the contact 36 to causeoperation of the timingmotor to move the slider 41 from its upper position on the potentiometercoil 48 to its lower position. Downward movement of the slider 41 causesmovement of the switch arm 95 into engagement with the contact 91 at atime determined by the outdoor controller 98 in the manner pointed outabove. When the outdoor temperature is relatively cold, the switch arm95is moved into engagement with the contact 91 relatively late and whenthe outdoor temperature is relatively warm, the switch arm 95 is movedinto engagement with the contact 91 relatively early. Movement of theswitch arm 95 into engagement with the contact '91 causes energizationof the bucking coil I08 which neutralizes the action of the energizingcoil I01 and moves the switch arm I I8 into engagement with the contactI22. Movement of the switch arm I I8 into engagement with the contactI22 completes a circuit through the contact SI of the valve motor tocause closing movement of the valve I6 to prevent the further supply ofheating fluid to the building and therefore, the building is allowed tocool down during a the night.

The relay coil I38 is intermittently energized and deenergized by theoutdoor controller I24 to maintain the temperature of the outdoorcontroller I24 normal during the night, but since the switch arm H8 isout of engagement with the contact I20 during the night, no circuit canbe completed through the switch arm I40 controlled by the relay I38 andtherefore energization of the relay I 38 cannot cause opening movementof the valve I6.

From the above, it is seen that I have provided in this modification ameans for supplying heat to a building independent of the normal daycontroller to bring the temperature of the building to normal after anight'shut-down. I have also provided in this modification a means forvarying the beginning of the morning pick-up period according to outdoortemperature conditions so that on cold mornings the heating system isplaced in operation earlier than on warm mornings so that the buildingwill be brought up to its normal temperature at substantially the sametime every morning. In a like manner, the heating system is turned offat night according to outdoor tem-.

peratures so that when it is relatively cold outside, the heating systemis turned on relatively late and when the temperature outside isrelatively warm, the heating system is turned ofi relatively early.

Although for purposes of illustration I have set forth certain times atwhich the system will be placed in operation and at which the systemwill be placed out of operation, I do not intend to be so limited sinceany sequence of operation desired may be had within the contemplation ofthis invention. Although I have disclosed two forms of my invention forpurposes of illustration, I do not intend to be limited thereby butintend to be limited only by the scope of appended claims and the priorart.

I claim: 1

1. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, control means for controlling said temperature changing meansincluding means for maintaining the temperature of the building normaland means for restoring the temperature of the building to normal afterthe temperature has been allowed to deviate from normal, and time meansincludin temperature responsive means for rendering said control meansefiective at a time dependent upon outdoor temperature conditions.

2. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, control means for controlling said temperature changing meansincluding means for maintaining the temperature of the building normaland means for restoring the temperature of the building to normal afterthe temperature has been allowed to deviate from normal, and time meansincluding temperature responsive means for rendering said control meansefiective at a time dependent upon outdoor temperature conditions torestore the.

temperature of the building to normal at the' control means effective ata time dependent upon a outdoor temperature conditions, to restore thetemperature of the building to normal at the same time regardless. ofoutdoor temperature conditions and to maintain the temperature of thebuilding normal thereafter.

4. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, an outdoor controller for controlling said temperaturechanging means, and means including time means and temperatureresponsive means for rendering said controller effective at a timedependent upon outdoor temperature conditions and inefiective at a timedepending upon outdoor temperature conditions.

5. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, control means including a controller having temperaturechanging means and temperature responsive means, the temperatureresponsive means controlling both temperature changing means, and meansincluding time means and temperature responsive means for rendering saidcontrol means efiective at a time dependent upon outdoor temperatureconditions and inefiective at a time depending upon outdoor temperature-conditions.

6. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, a controller having temperature changing means and temperatureresponsivemeans, the temperature responsive means controlling bothtemperature changing means to maintain a normal temperaefiective at a.time dependent upon outdoor temperature conditions.

7. In a system of the class descfibed, temperature changing means for abuilding, a, controller having temperature changing means andtemperature responsive means, the temperature responsive meanscontrolling both temperature changing means to maintain a normaltemperature within the building and to restore the building temperatureto normal after the building temperature has been allowed to deviatefrom normal, and time means including temperature responsive means forrendering said controller eilective at a time dependent, upon outdoortemperature conditions to restore the temperature or the building tonormal at the same time regardless oi' outdoor temperature conditions.

, a. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means fora building, a controller for controlling normally the temperaturechanging means, and means for controlling the temperature changing meansindependently of the controller to restore the temperature of thebuilding to normal at a given time each day regardless of outdoortemperature conditions.

9. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, a controller for controlling normally the temperature changingmeans, means for controlling the temperature changing meansindependently of the controller to restore the temperature oi. thebuilding to normal at a given time each day regardless oi. outdoortemperature conditions, and means to shift the control oi.thetemperature changing means from the means to the controller.

10. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, a temperature responsive controller for controlling normallythe temperature changing means to maintain a normal temperature withinthe building, and time and temperature responsive means for renderingthe temperature responsive con- 40 troller inoperative to control thetemperature changing means at a time dependent upon outdoor temperatureconditions, to restore the temperature of the-building to normal and torender the temperature responsive controller operative 5 to control thetemperature changing means.

11. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, an outdoor controller for controlling said temperaturechanging means, and means including time means 50 and temperatureresponsive means for operating said temperature changing means at a timedependent upon outdoor temperature conditions and for placing thetemperature changing means under the control 01' the outdoor controllerat a g ture responsive mean's roro'perating said build ing temperaturechanging means at a time dependent upon outdoor temperatures and forincluding a coil associated with the temperature changing means, avariable resistance varied at predetermined times and a variableresistance varied in response to changes in a condition, both of saidvariable resistances controlling the energization of said coil.

14. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, temperature responsive means for controlling said temperaturechanging means, and means for placing said tem-\ perature changing meansin operation at a time dependent upon outdoor temperatures including acoil associated with the temperature changing means, a variableresistance varied at predetermined times and a variable resistancevaried in accordance with variations in outdoor temperatures.

15. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, a controller having temperature changing means and temperatureresponsive means, the temperature responsive means controlling bothtemperature changing means, and means for placing both temperaturechanging means in operation at a time dependent upon outdoor.temperatures including a coil associated with both temperature changingmeans, a variable resistance varied at predetermined times and avariable resistance varied in accordance with variations in outdoortemperatures.

building temperature changing varied at predetermined times and avariable resistance varied in accordance with variations in outdoortemperatures, and time means for placing the building temperaturechanging means under the control of the controller.

17. In a system of the class described, temperature changing means for abuilding, a controller for controlling said temperature changing means,and means including time means and temperature responsive means foroperating said temperature changing means independently of saidcontroller at a time dependent upon outdoor temperature conditions andfor placing the temperature changing means under the control of thecontroller at a predetermined subsequent time. Jain-is 8. poems

